"Father Stephen McGraw was driving to a graveside service at Arlington National Cemetery the morning of Sept. 11, when he mistakenly took the Pentagon exit onto Washington Boulevard, putting him in a position to witness American Airlines Flight 77 crash into the Pentagon. 'I was in the left hand lane with my windows closed. I did not hear anything at
all until the plane was just right above our cars.' McGraw estimates that the plane passed about 20 feet over his car, as he waited in the left hand lane of the road, on the side closest to the Pentagon. 'The plane clipped the top of a light pole just before it got to us, injuring a taxi driver, whose taxi was just a few feet away from my car. I saw it crash into the building,' he said. 'My only memories really were that it looked like a plane coming in for a landing. I mean in the sense that it was controlled and sort of straight. That was my impression,' he said. 'There was an explosion and a loud noise and I felt the impact. I remember seeing a fireball come out of two windows (of the Pentagon). I saw an explosion of fire billowing through those two windows.'" 

- "Pentagon Crash Eyewitness Comforted Victims http://www.mdw.army.mil/news/Pentagon_crash_eyewitness_comforted_victims.html
" MDW News Service, 28 Sep 2001

There's a big problem with this account. McGraw says that the plane passed directly over his car at power pole height but that he didn't hear anything until it was directly above. Totally impossible if it was a 757. He says he had the window closed, which is like wearing a t-shirt to protect against a machine gun. If a 757 was passing 20 ft over your car, you would be deafened by it before you saw it. This account must be subject to serious questioning to have any chance of being considered, because in this form, it is totally impossible to believe that McGraw saw a 757. So either the whole account is fiction, or embellished beyond credibility, or what McGraw saw was actually a small plane or a cruise missile, which might make it credible in terms of the noise factor. Note that the reference to American airlines F77 was inserted by commentary, not directly attributed to McGraw. So I checked the reference to see if there were any clues as to what kind of plane McGraw thinks he saw. The reference turned out to be US Army - The Military district of Washington site. The article containing McGraw's quote was written by Paul Haring (Staff photographer for the Fort Myer Military Community's Pentagram newspaper) for the MDW News Service (That's Military District of Washington) and not posted till Sept 28. In this article McGraw is also quoted as saying (and in Haring's article this quote directly follows the end of the section quoted above, so he's just been talking about the explosion, and impact)

"I remember hearing a collective gasp or scream from one of the other cars near me. Almost a collective gasp it seemed."

Let me think now... He was in a car with the windows closed, which explains why he was totally oblivious to the noise of a 757 approaching his car at a height of about 20 ft, but as it slammed into the wall, precipitating an explosion and fireball, he was able to hear a collective gasp from a nearby car. Hmm...or did they all wait until the noise had died down, and then gasp in unison at a volume louder than a 757? Media searches for Father John McGraw returned no matches. The only matches on Yahoo were for references to Haring's article, which is posted on behalf of the US army - an organization not noted for critically questioning official stories. It is beyond  question that McGraw cannot possibly be giving a truthful, accurate account of F77 hitting the Pentagon. So either the report is fiction, or else McGraw witnessed proof that whatever hit the wall was not F77. The unlikely story about hearing the collective gasp tells me that this account should be discarded, especially as it does not contain any redeeming qualities to offset it's retrospective nature.

"'I glanced up just at the point where the plane was going into the building,' said Carla Thompson, who works in an Arlington, Va., office building about 1,000 yards from the crash. 'I saw an indentation in the building and then it was just blown-up up-red, everything red, ' she said. 'Everybody was just starting to go crazy. I was petrified.'"

 - "Terrorists Attack New York, Pentagon
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-091201main.story
" Los Angeles Times, 12 Sep 2001

If she glanced up just at the point of collision, then she can't have seen the object clearly enough to identify it. She say's "the plane", which is fair enough, because you wouldn't expect anyone in this situation to think that it was anything else. She can't possibly have actually seen a plane, but understandably, in the light of everything else that was being said, included this assumption in her quote. But was it a light plane, a passenger jet, a military jet, a helicopter or a cruise missile? It obviously wouldn't cross the mind of someone in that situation. So what Thompson claims to have seen was an indentation and an explosion. It's not in dispute that they occurred, but Thompson's quote is irrelevant to the question of what caused the explosion. She does not say words to the effect that she saw a large passenger jet fly towards the Pentagon and collide with the wall. I did an extensive search to see if Thompson made any other reports, but the LA times quote was the only reference to her anywhere.

The final witness of the 19 on the Urban legends site.

"I witnessed the jet hit the Pentagon on September 11. From my office on the 19th floor of the USA TODAY building in Arlington, Va., I have a view of Arlington Cemetery, Crystal City, the Pentagon, National Airport and the Potomac River. ... Shortly after watching the second tragedy, I heard jet engines pass our building, which, being so close to the airport is very common. But I thought the airport was closed. I figured it was a plane coming in for landing. A few moments
later, as I was looking down at my desk, the plane caught my eye. it didn't register at first. I thought to myself that I couldn't believe the pilot was flying so low. Then it dawned on me what was about to happen. I watched in horror as the plane flew at treetop level, banked slightly to the left, drug it's wing along the ground and slammed into the west wall of the Pentagon exploding into a giant orange fireball. Then black smoke. Then white smoke."

· Steve Anderson
http://www.jmu.edu/alumni/tragedy_response/read_messages.html
Director of Communications,
USA Today

Yet another "USA today" worker. I checked the reference on this one and immediately discounted It. it's not even a media report. It's an account from Anderson which is posted on a pro-government style website, simply entitled "Sept 11." It's not a site dedicated to research or analysis, and questioning of the official story would definitely not be welcome there. The posting date was Oct 2. Another "USA today" witness not considered worthy of interview by his own network (or any other). Anderson's story is not published anywhere else. There are not even any second hand references to him as being a witness. We have only this account, posted on a less than critical  medium, 3 weeks after the event. Even if this account is truthful in it's intention, there is no doubt that if Anderson wasn't certain what the object was at the time of sighting, he would have convinced himself by Oct 2 that it must have been F77. This is why accounts should really be published as soon as possible after the event, to have any credibility, before people start to consciously or unconsciously change their story in line with what it is that they're supposed to have seen, and before the media begins to develop preconceptions about what people could or could not have seen. Anderson's account doesn't come anywhere near meeting verifiable standards. Nevertheless, I can't resist pointing out the obvious impossibility in this account even if it was admissible. I don't know exactly where the "USA today" office is, but lets say it's 1000 yards from the Pentagon, like Carla Thompson's office. An aircraft flying at 400 mph, will cover that distance in about 5 seconds. Anderson said that he heard it pass over the building and initially thought nothing of it. So in the next 5 seconds he had time to: Think that the noise of the unseen aircraft was a plane coming in for a landing : weigh this up
against his thought that the airport was closed : look down at his desk for a few moments: have the plane catch his eye: look up and catch full sight of it: have a dumbstruck moment where nothing registered: and still l have enough time left to meticulously observe that "the plane flew at treetop level, banked slightly to the left, drug it's wing along the
ground and slammed into the west wall of the Pentagon." Try acting this out and see if you have enough time left at the end to make such a detailed observation. And if the wing dragged along the ground for 30 yards, he would have seen that for about 0.15 of a second before the explosion.

What appeared at first reading to be 19 eyewitness accounts actually turned to out to be none. Thompson's glimpse of what happened was so fleeting that it would fit with almost any scenario. Timmerman asked us to believe in apartment blocks that come and go. The Winslow report is almost certainly a fabrication, is too enigmatic anyway, and at very best is almost certainly 2nd hand. Sucherman didn't claim to see a collision, or describe the plane. The Walter reports are too contradictory, and in any case, mostly say that he didn't see the collision. The anonymous testimony of "KM" mentions only a "plane" which could refer to any type of plane, or a cruise missile So that testimony wouldn't contribute anything, even if it was admissible. McGraw has all kinds of problems, both with credibility and verification, Anderson's is retrospective and impossible to take seriously anyway, and Kizildrgri described nothing except a big boom. The other 10 didn't even make it to a detailed analysis, because they didn't even give the superficial impression of having witnessed the collision.

What has emerged so far is a disturbing pattern of manipulative reporting and fabrication. What has also emerged is that a suspiciously high number of these dubious witnesses just happen to be media figures.

I now searched for other reports which had a chance of meeting the required standards of verification and credibility. Perhaps the "urban legends" site simply chose an unfortunate selection of quotes, and that there is more conclusive evidence to be found elsewhere.

This is what I could find.

The Boston Globe Sept 12 Rodney Washington, a systems engineer for a Pentagon contractor, was stuck in stand-still traffic a few hundred yards from the Pentagon when the American Airlines jet roared overhead from the southwest.

"It was extremely loud, as you can imagine, a plane that size, it was deafening," Washington said.

The plane was flying low and rapidly descended, Washington said, knocking over light poles before hitting the ground on a helicopter pad just in front of the Pentagon and essentially bouncing into it.

It "landed there and the momentum took it into the Pentagon," Washington said. "There was a very, very brief delay and then it exploded."

There are some obvious signs for a report which is fabricated or embellished beyond credibility, and this one has painted some of them in very big letters. First, the plane. It hits the ground, but miraculously does not break up, explode, flip over or cartwheel, but simply continues, into the wall, intact enough to smash it's way through the wall, and then, apparently still intact enough to see, waits a respectful moment before spontaneously exploding. How long does it wait? 1 second? So, if it was travelling at the conservative speed of 300mph, after it hit the ground and it landed 30 yards from the wall, then it took approximately 0.2 of a second to reach the wall. So it endured 2 collisions in 0.2 seconds, but waited another full second to suddenly explode after staying intact from two devastating impacts. Perhaps it exploded in a more realistic time frame, for example 10 milliseconds after smashing through the wall? That's more like it, except I'd like to know how the witness was able to pick a 10 millisecond delay from "instantaneous". The entire experience, from the time the plane hit the ground would have lasted 0.21 of a second. Could the witness have even distinguished this from an impression that it simply flew into the wall? Therein lies the insoluble problem of this account. If it waited long enough before exploding, for the human eye to be able to pick up the delay, it postulates an impossible end to an impossible crash scenario. And if it exploded in a believable time frame - say a few milliseconds added on to a total time of about 0.2 of a second - then how could the witness have distinguished this from being instantaneous? The whole event would have appeared instantaneous but is described in detailed sequence. "Oh what a tangled web we weave..."
Now, to the question of the conditions under which the witness would have been making this razor sharp observation. If it hit the ground, it would of course have thrown up a huge cloud of dirt. Unless it landed on very hard ground, in which case we ask why it didn't beak up on impact) 0.2 of a second later, the scene would have been further complicated by the collapsing rubble as it smashed it's way through the wall. So even if this witness does have the miraculous observational powers to be able to pick a sequence of events broken down into milliseconds, all he would have seen was a cloud of flying dirt and collapsing rubble with the briefest of a blurred glimpse of the plane, before the explosion. But Eagle-Eye-Washington was still able to pick out where it landed, how the momentum carried it into the building and best of all, amongst the falling rubble and flying dirt, that after it smashed through the wall, there was "a very, very brief delay " before it exploded.

Newsday (New York NY) Sept 11
One eyewitness, State Department employee Ken Ford, said he watched from the 15th floor of the State Department Annex, just across the Potomac River from the Pentagon." We were watching the airport, through the [binoculars]," Ford said, referring to Reagan National Airport, a short distance away. "The plane was a two-engine turbo prop that flew up the river from National. Then it turned back toward the Pentagon. We thought it had been waved off and then it hit the building."

It's not clear why the word "binoculars" is in brackets. I couldn't find anything else from Ford. He's vague about the manner in which it collided with the building, which probably increases the credibility of his account. In real life, most people who witness shocking, unexpected events which happen very quickly, don't take in a lot of fine detail. It's when people report meticulously detailed observations in these situations that suspicions of fabrication or embellishment are aroused. If he was watching from across the river (east) then he couldn't have directly seen an impact on the western wall, although it's feasible that he could have seen it's approach until milliseconds before impact, and then seen some of the explosion rising above the building. This one (just) meets accepted standards, but directly contradicts the official story anyway. We need more information about how and when it was sourced.

Agence France Presse Sept 11

"I saw this large American Airlines passenger jet coming in fast and low." said Army captain Lincoln Liebner. "My first thought was, I've never seen one flying at that height", he said. "Before it hit, I realized what was happening".

At first glance, this seems like a fairly straightforward eyewitness quote that Captain Liebner really is claiming first hand to have clearly seen an American Airlines jet "hit". (Presumably the Pentagon) Unfortunately, more detailed research exposed it as a fabrication. Here's how. A search turned up 14 such matches for Agence France in combination with Leibner, many of them on Sept 11, and some on Sept 12. They are all, almost exactly the same story, but there are minor variations, as the report was modified slightly over the 14 different airings given to the story over the two days. Unfortunately, exact times are not given for the reports, but we know which of the 14 matches was the earliest,
because the search always lists the results by the most recent document first. All of the Sept 12 versions of this report gave Liebner's quote, as above. So did the later reports of Sept 11. But the story in the first three reports was quite different, as far as Leibner is concerned. Here's the first report.

At a media briefing, Pentagon spokeswoman Torie Clark told the story of Capt. Lincoln Liebner, who was outside the Pentagon when the blast took place. He rushed into the building to help. His hands were burned, and after he was taken away to a hospital for treatment, he returned later in the day to do more.

No quote from Leibner, and not even a second hand reference to any kind of plane, let alone an "American airlines passenger jet." In fact the incident is described as a "blast".

Here's the second report.

Army Captain Lincoln Liebner, who witnessed the blast, entered the damaged building and pulled colleagues from the fire, according to Pentagon spokeswoman Victoria Clarke. His hands badly burnt by the flames, Liebner refused to leave the scene and seek treatment.

"They forced him to go to the hospital," Clarke said. "He came back and he's in the building and he is working."

The third report

Pentagon spokeswoman Torie Clark related the example of Army Capt. Lincoln Liebner who saw the aircraft hit and rushed into the burning building to help. He later was taken to a nearby hospital to have his hands treated for burns, but then returned to the Pentagon, Clark said.

Still no direct quote from Leibner but what he's alleged to have witnessed has suddenly changed from a "blast" to "saw the aircraft hit."

And in the fourth report, it becomes the direct quote from Leibner, and remains so for the other 10 reports. The reference to Clarke disappears. Did the media get an opportunity to interview Leibner, between the third and fourth reports? There's no evidence for this.

"He came back and he's in the building and he is working." Does this sound like an invitation to interview him?

So I found the original transcript of Clarke's media briefing.

Federal news Service Sept 11 2001.
And I'd just like to say one more thing. The response from the military has been phenomenal. The response from the search and rescue people has been incredible, and the people in the community. And I'll just give you one example. There is a young man, Captain Lincoln Liebner --

Q Spell it.

MS. CLARKE: -- L-i-e-b-n-e-r -- who was on the west side of the building when it was hit. He saw what happened. He immediately went in to try to help some of the injured, and helped pull them out. His hands were burned. He went to the hospital to be taken care of. They forced him to go to the hospital. He came back and he's in the building and he is working. And that's just one --

Q Army?

MS. CLARKE: Army.

Q That is just one example of the kind of response we've seen to this tragedy. And with that, I'd like to turn it over --

Q Torie, just -- excuse me.

There was no further reference to Leibner in the media briefing. So the overwhelming evidence is that no such direct account ever came from Leibner. He may or may not have said such a thing to someone in the department, he may or may not exist. And notice that Clarke made no mention of either a "blast" or an aircraft, using the ambiguous word "hit". And she simply describes Leibner as having seen "what happened." The first two media reports wrote in a reference to a "blast" with no indication where this came from. This strongly indicates that at the time of the first two reports, the
general word that was going around was that it had been a bomb. Suddenly, this was corrected to be a plane, and just to re-enforce the point, a quote and a witness was invented. So the second hand story of the man who had witnessed the "blast", something which implies contradiction of the official story, became mythologized as the man who's eyewitness account corroborates the official story. Not only were the Leibner references twisted, but so were Clarke's.
Notice that in the media briefing, Clarke was ambiguous about what the incident actually was. Her only two references were "hit", which could mean almost anything and "what happened." As if Clarke herself was not yet aware of what the official story was concerning the incident. Agence France twice paraphrased her as referring to a "blast", a word she never used. In the third report this was sharply corrected, in that Clarke was said to claimed that Leibner "saw the aircraft hit ", also a clear misrepresentation of what went on at the briefing, but a very decisive shift in direction. The fact that in the fourth report, the almost certainly fabricated Leibner account then completely replaced any reference to
the original briefing strongly indicates that Agence France went into damage control mode to make sure that the first two reports were completely buried by the strongest possible confirmation that could be manufactured that it had been an American Airlines jet.

 

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