(NOTE: The following text is believed to be a paraphrase by Richard McDonald of one or both of the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions: Clearfield Trust Company v. United States, 318 U.S. 363; and, Bank of United States v. Planters Bank, 9 Wheaton (22 U.S.) 904) [begin quote] I strongly advise you to read the case of Clearfield Trust Company v. United States, concerning the "status" of any government that uses private commercial paper as its "money". It is herein included for you to pass along: Governments descend to the level of a mere private corporation and take on the character of a mere private citizen [where private corporate commercial paper {Federal Reserve Notes} are concerned] .... For purposes of suit, such corporations and individuals are regarded as an entity entirely separate from government. [end quote] The latter text is believed to be a paraphrase by Richard McDonald of one or both of the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions: Clearfield Trust Company v. United States, 318 U.S. 363; and, Bank of United States v. Planters Bank, 9 Wheaton (22 U.S.) 904. The following is believed to be the original source for the paraphrase above; quoting from Bank of United States v. Planters Bank: "It is, we think, a sound principle that when a government becomes a partner in any trading company, it divests itself, so far as concerns the transactions of that company, of its sovereign character and takes that of a private citizen. "Instead of communicating to the company its privileges and its prerogatives, it descends to a level with those with whom it associates itself and takes the character which belongs to its associates, and to the business which is to be transacted. "Thus, many states of this Union who have an interest in banks are not suable even in their own courts; yet they never exempt the corporation from being sued. "The State of Georgia, by giving to the bank the capacity to sue and be sued, voluntarily strips itself of its sovereign character so far as respects the transactions of the bank and waives all the privileges of that character. "As a member of a corporation, a government never exercises its sovereignty. It acts merely as a corporator, and exercises no other power in the management of the affairs of the corporation than are expressly given by the incorporating act." Sincerely yours, /s/ Paul Andrew Mitchell Paul Andrew Mitchell, B.A., M.S. Private Attorney General (18 U.S.C. 1964), Criminal Investigator and Federal Witness (18 U.S.C. 1510, 1512-1513) email: supremelawfirm@gmail.com website: http://supremelaw.org # # #
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Clearfield Trust Company v. U.S.