Authenticity Test

for the U.S. Constitution

 

by

 

Paul Andrew Mitchell

Private Attorney General

 

 

1.   Does the Bill of Rights have a Preamble?  It reads:

 

The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added:  And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best insure the beneficient ends of its institution.

 

 

2.   In the Qualifications Clauses, is the term “Citizen” spelled with an UPPER-CASE “C”, or a lower-case “c”?

 

See Article I,  Section 2, Clause 2 (Representative)

See Article I,  Section 3, Clause 3 (Senator)

See Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 (President)

 

 

3.   At Article III, Section 2, Clause 1 (the Diversity Clause), is the term “Citizens” spelled with an UPPER-CASE “C”, or a lower-case “c”?

 

 

4.   At Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 (the Privileges and Immunities Clause), is the term “Citizens” spelled with an UPPER-CASE “C”, or a lower-case “c”?

 

 

5.   Is there a Thirteenth Amendment banning and penalizing Titles of Nobility, or not?  This Amendment was ratified in 1819 A.D.  It reads:

 

If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive, or retain any title of nobility or honor, or shall, without the consent of congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince, or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them.

 

 

6.   Is there a Fourteenth Amendment beginning, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States ...” or not?

 

See Dyett v. Turner, Utah Supreme Court (1968).

 

 

7.   Is there a Sixteenth Amendment beginning, “Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes ...” or not?

 

See People v. Boxer, California Supreme Court (1992)